These are background papers for the Wickbert library. The links are through the ACM Digital Library and depending on your membership, may require connection through a UIUC network.

• Witkin & Heckbert SIGGRAPH 94 paper Using Particles to Sample and Control Implicit Surfaces (ACM,CMU) inspired the Wickbert library. It describes with differential equations the dynamic constraints that keep a particle system on an implicit surface and deform the implicit surface to pass through control particles, and control the size and number of particles.

• Fleischer, Laidlaw, Currin & Barr's SIGGRAPH 95 paper Cellular Texture Generation uses a biological cell metaphor to describe particle system behavior, which lead to the attributes/behaviors/shaders model of particle system programming in Wickbert.

• Pedersen's SIGGRAPH 95 paper Decorating Implicit Surfaces describes a self-organizing particle system that creates a patch by tracing out a rectilinear grid of geodesics on an implicit surface.

• Pedersen's SIGGRAPH 96 paper A Framework for Interactive Texturing on Curved Surfaces uses the patches from Decorating Implicit Surfaces to drag textured swatches (called Patchinos) around an implicit surface.

• The SMI 2002 paper Using particles to sample and control more complex implicit surfaces describes the surface component of the Wickbert library, showing how to extend Witkin-Heckbert 94 to more complex and composite implicit surfaces.

• The SMI 2005 paper A Programmable Particle System Framework for Shape Modeling describes the Wickbert particle system programming model and demonstrates it with applications on mathematical visualation (via singularity particles), non-photorealistic rendering (via silhouette particles) and mesh program visualization.

• The SMI 2005 paper Robust Particle Systems for Curvature Dependent Sampling of Implicit Surfaces describes a new electrostatic optimization for mutual particle repulsion.